Research Methodology Basics
An introduction to methodological choices in academic research and how to report them
Methodology is the structured approach a study takes to its question — quantitative, qualitative, mixed, theoretical, applied. The methodology section of a paper should make these choices explicit, justify them, and describe the procedure clearly enough for replication.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is qualitative research less rigorous than quantitative?
No. Both can be highly rigorous when applied appropriately to their respective questions. Qualitative rigour is judged by saturation, transparency, and reflexivity; quantitative rigour by power, validity, and reliability. The judgement criteria differ, but the standards are equally demanding.
How much methodological detail is enough?
Enough that a competent reader in the field could replicate the work. The test is reproducibility, not length. If a reader cannot replicate from the description, the section is too short.
Should I cite a methodology textbook?
Cite the source where the specific method is described, particularly when adapting an existing approach. General textbooks are appropriate for foundational concepts; specific methodological sources are appropriate for the particular procedure used.
How do I justify methodology choice in writing?
Two or three sentences after stating the approach: this approach was chosen because [characteristic of the question], rather than [alternative], because [characteristic of alternative that does not fit]. Direct, brief, and explicit.
Can I use multiple methods?
Yes; mixed methods are common when the research question requires breadth and depth. The methodology section should explain how the methods integrate, not just describe them separately.