Journal of Management Research and Review (JMRR) · Research article · Open access
Determinants of Rural-Out Migration in Makete District, Njombe Region, Tanzania: A Logit Regression Model Approach
Fred Alfred Rwechungura
24 January 2026 · Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 30-38
DOI: 10.65150/EP-jmrr/V2E1/2026-05
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What is this article about?
Purpose: This study investigates the determinants of rural-out migration in Makete District, Njombe Region, Tanzania, using a binary logit regression model. The objective was to identify socio-economic, environmental, and institutional factors influencing household migration decisions.
Article at a glance
- Published
- 24 January 2026
- Volume / issue / pages
- Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 30-38
- ISSN
- 3051-3588 (online) · 3051-357X (print)
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0 — free to read and reuse with attribution
- Peer review
- Double-blind, at least two independent reviewers
- Publisher
- EP Journals Group
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigates the determinants of rural-out migration in Makete District, Njombe Region, Tanzania, using a binary logit regression model. The objective was to identify socio-economic, environmental, and institutional factors influencing household migration decisions. Makete was selected due to its high migration rates and agro-ecological vulnerability. Methodology: A total of 450 households were surveyed across 15 villages, selected through multi-stage sampling stratified by agro-ecological zones (highland, midland, lowland), with households chosen randomly and systematically. Complementary qualitative data were collected via 25 key informant interviews and six gender-segregated focus group discussions. The dependent variable was household migration status (1 = migrant, 0 = non-migrant), while independent variables included education, landholding size, income, infrastructure access, and exposure to climate shocks. Results from STATA 18 indicate that education (OR = 1.289, p < 0.001), land size (OR = 0.430, p < 0.05), infrastructure access (OR = 0.537, p < 0.001), and climate shocks (OR = 4.067, p < 0.001) significantly affect migration likelihood. Income and age were marginally significant, while household size and gender were not. Findings: The findings suggest that rural-out migration in Makete is largely driven by structural factors, especially land scarcity and environmental stress, rather than purely demographic characteristics. Migration emerges as a proactive household adaptation strategy to economic and climatic uncertainties. Policy Implications: Policy recommendations include integrating migration dynamics into Tanzania’s rural development frameworks, such as the Five-Year Development Plan III and SAGCOT. Practical Implications: Strengthening rural infrastructure, land tenure, and climate resilience, while leveraging remittances and skills transfer, is essential for sustainable rural transformation.
Keywords: Rural-out migration, Logit regression, Climate shocks, Land scarcity, Infrastructure access, Makete District, Tanzania.
Cite this article
Fred Alfred Rwechungura (2026). Determinants of Rural-Out Migration in Makete District, Njombe Region, Tanzania: A Logit Regression Model Approach. Journal of Management Research and Review, 2(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.65150/EP-jmrr/V2E1/2026-05
@article{Fred2026,
title = {Determinants of Rural-Out Migration in Makete District, Njombe Region, Tanzania: A Logit Regression Model Approach},
author = {Fred Alfred Rwechungura},
journal = {Journal of Management Research and Review},
year = {2026},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {30-38},
doi = {10.65150/EP-jmrr/V2E1/2026-05},
url = {https://doi.org/10.65150/EP-jmrr/V2E1/2026-05}
}Questions about this article
Who wrote this article?
Fred Alfred Rwechungura.
Where and when was it published?
In Journal of Management Research and Review, Volume 2, Issue 1, pages 30-38, published by EP Journals Group on 24 January 2026.
Is this article free to read?
Yes. It is open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) licence, so anyone can read, share and reuse it with attribution.
What is the DOI of this article?
10.65150/EP-jmrr/V2E1/2026-05 (https://doi.org/10.65150/EP-jmrr/V2E1/2026-05).
How do I cite this article?
APA: Fred Alfred Rwechungura (2026). Determinants of Rural-Out Migration in Makete District, Njombe Region, Tanzania: A Logit Regression Model Approach. Journal of Management Research and Review, 2(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.65150/EP-jmrr/V2E1/2026-05
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