Journal of Social Science and Human Research Studies (JSSHRS) · Research article · Open access
Comparison of the Adpositions of Pashto and Persian Based on Etymology
Professor Dr. Ajmal Khaklay, Salahuddin Momand
13 June 2026 · Vol. 2, Issue 6, pp. 780-783
DOI: 10.65150/EP-jsshrs/V2E6/2026-17
Download full text (PDF)Cite this article
What is this article about?
) were identified through three methods: using case markers, nouns, and adverbs, where the case of each noun was specified; however, over time, many of the Iranian languages lost these case markers that indicated the case of a noun, leading to a gap that languages like Persian and Pashto filled with postpositions. In Pashto, although the form of nouns remains unchanged, except for the nominative and vocative cases, other cases are indicated by postpositions and prepositions, which is similar to Persian.
Article at a glance
- Published
- 13 June 2026
- Volume / issue / pages
- Vol. 2, Issue 6, pp. 780-783
- ISSN
- 3051-3561 (online) · 3051-3553 (print)
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0 — free to read and reuse with attribution
- Peer review
- Double-blind, at least two independent reviewers
- Publisher
- EP Journals Group
Abstract
In the Avesta and ancient Persian, the various roles of the basic elements of a sentence (subject, object, adjunct, dative, genitive, etc.) were identified through three methods: using case markers, nouns, and adverbs, where the case of each noun was specified; however, over time, many of the Iranian languages lost these case markers that indicated the case of a noun, leading to a gap that languages like Persian and Pashto filled with postpositions. In Pashto, although the form of nouns remains unchanged, except for the nominative and vocative cases, other cases are indicated by postpositions and prepositions, which is similar to Persian. In fact, in modern Persian, the inflection of nouns in various cases has disappeared, and this function has been transferred only to Prepositions and only one postposition. According to typological studies, Persian is considered a prepositional language, while Pashto is a circumpositional language, using both prepositions and postpositions simultaneously to indicate the case of a noun, where one is obligatory, and the other is optional depending on different contexts. From a morphological perspective, the prepositions in Pashto and Persian have similarities, which are highlighted in this article. For example, the Pashto "p∂" (meaning "by" or "in") corresponds to the Persian "ba," appearing in the form of "paiti." Further discussions will be included in this article.
Keywords: Prepositions, grammatical cases, etymology
Cite this article
Professor Dr. Ajmal Khaklay, & Salahuddin Momand (2026). Comparison of the Adpositions of Pashto and Persian Based on Etymology. Journal of Social Science and Human Research Studies, 2(6), 780-783. https://doi.org/10.65150/EP-jsshrs/V2E6/2026-17
@article{Professor2026,
title = {Comparison of the Adpositions of Pashto and Persian Based on Etymology},
author = {Professor Dr. Ajmal Khaklay and Salahuddin Momand},
journal = {Journal of Social Science and Human Research Studies},
year = {2026},
volume = {2},
number = {6},
pages = {780-783},
doi = {10.65150/EP-jsshrs/V2E6/2026-17},
url = {https://doi.org/10.65150/EP-jsshrs/V2E6/2026-17}
}Questions about this article
Who wrote this article?
Professor Dr. Ajmal Khaklay, Salahuddin Momand.
Where and when was it published?
In Journal of Social Science and Human Research Studies, Volume 2, Issue 6, pages 780-783, published by EP Journals Group on 13 June 2026.
Is this article free to read?
Yes. It is open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) licence, so anyone can read, share and reuse it with attribution.
What is the DOI of this article?
10.65150/EP-jsshrs/V2E6/2026-17 (https://doi.org/10.65150/EP-jsshrs/V2E6/2026-17).
How do I cite this article?
APA: Professor Dr. Ajmal Khaklay, & Salahuddin Momand (2026). Comparison of the Adpositions of Pashto and Persian Based on Etymology. Journal of Social Science and Human Research Studies, 2(6), 780-783. https://doi.org/10.65150/EP-jsshrs/V2E6/2026-17
More research from JSSHRS
- From Project-Like Activities to Project-Based Learning: Identifying PBL Characteristics in Event Management Courses at Ho Chi Minh City University of Culture
Huynh Cong Duan, Vu Thi Bich Duyen · Oct 2026
- Revisiting the Uncanny Valley in the AI Era: A Review of Visual Artifacts and Aesthetic Perceptions in AI-Generated Characters
Muhan Li · Oct 2026
- Development of Students’ Self-Learning Competence in Teaching Political Theory Subjects in the Digital Environment
Vu Thi Ha · Oct 2026
- The Double-Edged Sword of Digital Transformation in Cultural Scenic Areas: Heterogeneous Moderation of Qilu Cultural Genes on Technology-Value Conversion Paths
Xu Lulu, Tara Ahmed Mohammed · Oct 2026
- Experience in Applying Active Learning Methods in Probability and Statistics at Gia Lai Medical College
Nguyen Nhu Tram · Oct 2026