Journal of Social Science and Human Research Studies (JSSHRS)
Development and Standardization of School Climate Scale
T G, Dr. Sujisha
17 August 2026 · Vol. 2, Issue 8, pp. 1472-1478
DOI: 10.65150/EP-jsshrs/V2E8/2026-10
Abstract
This study reports the development and standardization of a School Climate Scale in Malayalam, designed to address the lack of culturally appropriate instruments in the Indian educational context. Drawing on ecological systems theory and existing definitions of school climate, an initial pool of 36 items was created and refined through expert review, resulting in 18 items. Following item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, 12 items were retained, representing three dimensions: relationships and interaction, safety and discipline, and learning environment. The scale was administered to 250 higher secondary students in Kerala, aged 14–19, and demonstrated satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s α = .84) and validity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit, supporting the three‑factor structure. Norms were established separately for male and female students. The finalized instrument provides a reliable, culturally relevant tool for assessing school climate in Malayalam‑medium schools, with applications for research, diagnosis, and educational improvement.
Keywords: School climate, Relationships and interaction, Security and discipline, Learning Environment
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Cite this article
T G, & Dr. Sujisha (2026). Development and Standardization of School Climate Scale. Journal of Social Science and Human Research Studies, 2(8), 1472-1478. https://doi.org/10.65150/EP-jsshrs/V2E8/2026-10
@article{T2026,
title = {Development and Standardization of School Climate Scale},
author = {T G and Dr. Sujisha},
journal = {Journal of Social Science and Human Research Studies},
year = {2026},
volume = {2},
number = {8},
pages = {1472-1478},
doi = {10.65150/EP-jsshrs/V2E8/2026-10},
url = {https://doi.org/10.65150/EP-jsshrs/V2E8/2026-10}
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